Interferon (IFN)-γ is an antiviral and antiparasitic agent produced by CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer cells that undergo activation by antigens, mitogens or alloantigens. IFN-γ production modulates T cell growth and differentiation and inhibits the growth of B cells. Synthesis of IFN-γ is inducible by IL-2, FGF and EGF. The active form of IFN-γ is a homodimer with each subunit containing six helices. The dimeric structure of human IFN-γ is stabilized by non-covalent interactions through the interface of the helices. IFN-γ translated precursor is 166 amino acids, including the 23 amino acid secretory sequence. Multiple forms exist due to variable glycosylation and under non-denaturing conditions due to dimers and tetramers.

1. Kaewkangsadan V et al. Crucial Contributions by T Lymphocytes (Effector, Regulatory, and Checkpoint Inhibitor) and Cytokines (TH1, TH2, and TH17) to a Pathological Complete Response Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer. J Immunol Res 2016:4757405 (2016).
2. Srivastava SP et al. Effect of Antifibrotic MicroRNAs Crosstalk on the Action of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in Diabetes-related Kidney Fibrosis. Sci Rep 6:29884 (2016).