Interleukin-1 alpha(IL-1a) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by a wide variety of cell types, including macrophages, osteoblasts, monocytes and hepatocytes. IL-1 alpha is synthesized as 31 kDa precursors that are subsequently cleaved into proteins with molecular weights of approximately 17 kDa. The IL-1a precursor reportedly shows full biological activity in the EL-4 assay. Circulating levels of IL-1a are normally low and only rise after stimulation by agents such as those produced byinflammation, infection or microbial endotoxins. IL-1a possesses a wide variety of biological activities and exerts its effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors.
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